Explosion-engine.



C. Y..KN1GHT. EXPLOSION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 4, 1910.

P aelled Sept. 9, 12913.

4 SHEETS-sum1,

, av O G C, Y. KNIGHT. EXPLOSION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED PIB. 4, 1910.

Patented Sept. 9, 1913.

4 SEEBTS-SHEBT Z.

C. Y. KNIGHT.

EXPLOSION ENGINE. i

APPMGATION f 'o PEB.4,1910, I

Patened Sept. 9, 1913.

4 SHEETS-SHEET J,

C. Y. KNIGHT: EXPLOSION ENGINE.

y APPLICATION FILED PEB. 4, 1910. 1,072,860. Patented Spt. 9, i913.

4 SHEETSHSHBET 4 CHARLES Y. KNIGHT, 0F CHICAGO, ILLENOIS.

EXPLOSON-ENGINE.

To all whom 'it may concern Be it known that I, CHARLES Y. KNIGHT, a citizen of the United States, residing at Vlhicagm, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, have invented certain neW and useful lmprovements in Explosion-Engines,

` of which the following is a full, clear, and

exact specification.

This invention relates to explosion engines in which the power is o'enerated Within the cylinder directly 'against thc piston by an explosion, and it is designed as an improvement. upon that type dtjexplosion engine in which the cylinder moves with relation to a fixed abutment orhe'ad ltherein.and also with relation to the piston for controlling or partially controlling commuhication with the cylinder', the cylinder being guided by a sliding sleeve valve which reciprocates in a casing and .cooperates therewith also for controlling connnunication with the cylinder. ln engines of this typethissllfeve valve which ini-loses the cylinder is necessarily thin in order that the heat from the ie ;i]nocating cylinder may be radiated with sut'licient rapidity to prevent overheating, and the construction is such that the sleeve valve moves at one time in a direction contraryT to the iuovel'ncnt; of the cylinder or else is substantially at; rest duringr the. motion of the cylindert and hence liable to be fralnped or seized between the casing wall and the cylinder by thelatcral thrust of the piston, due to the pressure oi the explosion nhile thc piston rod disposed at an ohliqueanglc.with relation to the axis of the piston, thus resulting` in unnecessary strain upon the sleeve valve and upon thel eccentric-s or other ctnn'iectious lol-operating it.

The present invention is designed to overcome these possibledct'eets and has for one of its objects to provide thc reciprocating cylinder with a fixed guide to slide in and to relieve the slide valve, which cooperates with the casing for controlling conununication with the cylinder, from any strain or pressure due to the aforesaid lateral thrust of the piston daring the .rl-;ing stroke.

The inwardly.projecting fixed head iu engines of this type has hereto-fore made it necessary to cup the head in order to provide adequate combustion space or clearance. andI this construction and formation results in iavmo .te 111m H n' s )a 'x 'i igsi ua a a l gtl l ttl( tl'lli` t' ttl t the apex of the dooie ot' this comlinistion space in the head and consequently at a Specification of Letters Patent.

application med rbruary'e, 1910.

rat-enten sept. o, isis.

Serial No. 542,100.

point where the gas isgliable to be foul or more or less contaminated bythe remaining products of the previous explosion.

The present invention is designed bo overcome this objection, and lhas for Aanother object to so construct'and arrange the parts that the fresh incoming gas will be dis charged into the combustion space of the head contiguous to the igni-ter or spark plug, whereby the vicinity of the plug will. not only be occupied by a fresh explosive mixture but the plug itself will be cooled by the incoming charge.

In engines of the aforesaid type, the outer sleeve valve is subjectto expansion due to the radiated heato the cylinder which, oit' course, also expands, and consequently, unless proper clearance between the sleeve and the cylinder and between the casing and the sleeve valve be provided, there is a possibility of the sleeve 'alve being seized either by the cylinder or by the casing, and even though such seizure may not. be sutiicient to damage the parts, it subjects the mechanism to an .unnecessary strain and detracts from the power of the engine.

The present invention is designed to ob viate vthe possibilit)4 of these results, andhas for another object t'o so construct and arrange the outside .slide valve which reciprocates with relation to the cylinder, that it .vill not be materially aifected by any expansion due to heat'radiated from the cylinder or by the expansion or" the cylinder, and consequently may be. composed of steel instead ol: cast iron so as to be stronger and more durable than heretofore, it, being understood that with theA sleeve valve form of slide valve heretofore employed it was highly important that both the cylinder and the sleeve valve be composed of cast iron or other suitable metals having substantially the saine coellicicnt of expansion.

`With a vienv tothe attainment of these ends and the accomplishment of certain other objects which will hereinafter vappear, the invention consists in the features ot novelty shown in the accompanying drawings, described in -the speciication, and particularly pointed out in the claims.

ln the said drawings, Figure l' is a vertical or longitudinal section. of anex'plosion engine showing an example of this invention. Fig. 2 is a detail perspectveview of the slide valve and the cylinder casing filling. Fig.' 3 is a cross-section of the engine with'the exhaust port 12.

taken on the line 3-3, Fig. 1. Figs. 4 to 7, inclusive, are sectional and diagrammatic views illustrating the positions of the portcontrolling elements during the four periods ot' lthe cycle of a tour-cycle engine, Fig. l being an illustration of the`parts in the position they assume at or about the commencement of the suction stroke; Fig. 5 the position they assume at or about the commencement of the compression stroke; Fig. 6 the position they assume at or about the commencement of the explosion stroke, and Fig. 7 the position they assume at or about the commencement of the exhausting stroke. And Fig. 8 is a cross-section of a cylinder casing embodying a modification hereinafter described.

i 1 is the main body of the cylinder casing which may be fixed against movement in any suitable way, as by means of a base or crank case 2, upon which it is mounted and in which the usual crank shaft 3 and crank 4 are journaledl in the ordinary way, this cylinder casing being, if desired, provided with a water jacket 5, for cooling purposes, as will be understood. Arranged axially within the cylinder casing is'a reciprocating cylinder 6, in'which the piston 7 works and -reciprocates with relation thereto, the piston being connected to theicrank t in any suitable way, as by a piston rod S. Fixed within one end of the reciprocating cylinder 6 is ahead 9, which completely closes that end thereof and is rigidly held against movement therewith and with the piston in any suitable way, as by being mounted upon and closing the end of the cylinder casing 1. This head is dome-shaped at its inner end,

as before mentioned, for the purpose of p roviding sutiicient clearance or combustion space, and at the top of the dome is introduced a suitable igniter or spark plug 10, or any other means' may' be provided for igniting the charge introduced into the cylinder G directly between the head and the piston.

The cylinder casing 1 is provided with intake and exhaust ports-11, 12, and if desired these may be situated on the same side of the casing, one in advance ci the other lengthwise of the axis of the casing, and the cylinder 6 at the same side is provided with an exhaust port 13 adapted to communicate The cylinder is also provided with an intalfr` port 141. re.- moved froln the port 13 in the length oliy the cylinder and which port llt is adapted to con'nnunicate with the intake port 11, but itl will be seen that the mere aperture constituting the port 14 is of but little .consequence, as the active portion of the cylinder() is that. portion of its wall which-lies between the two ports 13 and lll, and serves to close or to cw, rthe intake port 1l. at certain periods, all otihe wall of the cylinder beyond or above the intake port 14,

.so far as concerns the cont-rol ot' communication with the interior of the cylinder 6; but 1n practice it is ci course desirable to have some form of extension above the lower edge i of the port 14 -to hold the packing rings of the head in place when cylinder 6 descends or moves outwardly, and the form shown in the drawing is therefore adopted as a convenient means of accomplishing this end. Ccperating with the casing 1 for controlling the ports 11 and 12 is a slide valve 15. This also has intake and exhaust ports 16, 17 formed therein and adapted to alternately register with the intake and exhaust Aports 11, 12, respectively, as the slide lvalve is reciprocated, thereby at one time permitting of communication between the interior of the cylinder 6 and the ports 11, 12, and at other times shutting off such communication, but the controlling portion of this slide valve is that portion which lies between the two ports 16 and 17, and hence ports as mere apertures in the slide valve 15 are not essential, it being apparent that the wall` of the slide valve might be omitted from'the adjacent sides of the two ports 16, 17 outwardly an indefinite exte'ent without aecting the efficiency of the slide valve to close the ports 11 and 12, but the continuons Jform ot' slide valve having the ports 16 and 17 cut therein as shown, is preferable for the sake of strength and to provide a better guiding wall for the cylinder 6, as well as a means of'connection between the slide valve and its operating mechanism, as will be presently explained. The head 9 is also provided with an intake port 18, which is arranged to communicate with the intake port 11 and whose inner end discharges -at a point adj acent the igniter or spark plug 10 high up into the dome of the head so that the dome will not only be provided with fresh explosive mixture, but the plug will be cooled by the incoming charge. At both sides of the intake port 18, or above and below the same, are situated packing members 19, 20, which may be in the form of piston rings, but both of these are of snllicient width to respectively cover the ports 13 and 14 in the cylinder during the compression and working or explosion strokes, whereby the interior ot' the cylinder 6 will be hermetically scaled without possibility of leakage during both of these high-pressure periods.

'lhe interior otl the cylinder casing is Preferably cylindrical and-concentric with the cylinder (i, but its circumference is formed on different radii in the same transverse plane, so that the interior will be of a larger diameter throughout' its length on one side than it is-on the other side. '.lhe cylinder (i lits innnedialely contiguous tothe face oi' the casing 1 -along the side of its smaller diamet tra the Small diameter leaves off' and the larger diameter commences, and between these guide-ways is situated the slide valve 15, which is arc-shaped and conforms to the outer circumference of the cylinder f3 as ivell as to the inner circumference or Jface of the casingl. The slide valve may, if desired, he coterlninous in length vwith the casing and vconnected at one end to suitable operating means, but it is preferably slightly longer than the casing, as shown in Fig. 1, and projects into the crank ease 'where it is provided with a lug 2:2 affording means of attachment to the mechanism for operating it, as will be presently explained. its ay convenient and efficient method of thus constructing the Casing 1 with an internal diameter formed on different radii, as before explained, the Casin may first be horedpertectly cyliir drica in the ordinary Way, and a separate cylinder may then be formed and split lengthwise along the linesI of the shoulders or guideivays 21, Q1', to produce on the one hand a lilling to fill the space between the reciprocating cylinder t3 and the integral wall of the casing, and produce on the other hand the slide valve 15, which `will he of the same thickness as the remaining; portion of the cylinder from which it is cut, and will of course he formed upon the same are. These two elements, namely, the filling 23 and the slide 'alve 15, when placed together in the asino 1, around the cylinder 6, will accurately center the cylinder and form adequate ,grindingl means therefor, ivhile the longitudinal edges of the. filling' meniher 23 will serve to guide the valve 1T. "lhe filling' 23, however, must he held against longitudinal movement in the casingnand this may he accomplished in any suitahle way for example, by providing the filling 23 with a flange 24'ivlnch may he turned on the ele- Incnt-23 when the cylinder composingr the tivo parts `1 and is nnul'e, and afterward removed from the part l5.V This, flange 24 is received in a. circumferenti'al groove in the inner face of the casing 1, as Shown in Fig.- 1, and holdsI the filling 23 against longitudinal movement while hoth the filling and 'the valve 15 are held against possible lateral motion hy the ,reciln'ocating cylinder f3. The fixed guiding portion of the casing 1 is situated on that sidefoff the casing which receives the lateral thrust of the reciprocating cylinder G, due to the tendency ot the piston tomove laterally when thevpiston rod vagesumes an VQblique-angle"with relation to the of the piston during the vm'rhirugn or explosion rohev` so that this presure will he herne hy the fixed part of the casingr and none oit will he received by the slide valve 15.

hey reciprmzatingI ii-,ylinder G and Slide valve 15 may he reciprocated relatively to one another and to the piston and head by any suitable menne for causing them to open and close the ports Wnich they control aoeordingto the cycle ot the engine in which they are ei'nployed, hut it will of course he understood that a mecllanism of this charactor will he of no especial advantage in any cycle excepting that which comprises a V'plurality of inward piston strokes to each working or explosion stroke. In the'present example the engine is luy preference a fourcycle type, and the movements complementary'to this type may he conveniently produced by a pair of eccentrica 525, 2G, whose eccentric straps 2'1" and Q8 are connected respectively by connecting rods 2f) and 30 with the lug on the elidey valve 15, and a similar lugf 31 on the reciprocating cylinder (3. These eccentric,- are. set one in advance of the other for this cyclic. the eccentric :2G of the cylinder hein@r set approximately 90 degrees in the lead of the eccentric ot the slide valve. These cccentrics are; mounted upon a suitahlc shaft geared to thc crankshaft 3, or otherwise operatively connected with the piston in the ratio of tivo to one hy means of' a sprocket chain 32 and sprocket wheels 3?, 3l. or other Snitahle gearing'. i

lu the modification shown in Fig. fl, the differential radii of the inner diameter of cylinder casin; ,p l is produced hy counter horing. .eo that a separate filling. such af; elcrnent 23, is avoided and the water space may he ln'oughl closer lo the wall oi' the rcciproeating' cylinder. .tiny suite-dile method may he liollou'ed for accomplishing thisI such, tor example, as first horingv two halves of two cylinders secured ton'elur to produce the larger diameter, then boringF tu'o halves'4 ofZ two cylinders on the si'naller diameter, and finally exchanging the halves.

Referring` to the diagrammatic illuetrzn lionel ol the movement of the pol'l-i-,oi1tx'ol lingr elements contained in Figs. l to T inlelusive. let it he supposed that the. suf-tion stroke is a'oout to commence as in Fig. =l-V. ,-ltt this period the in ain crank l is lin alxout the position illustrated in the lower orhit of lialfrain A, and is about to start down- 'ard with the piston, while the eccentrics 25 and 2G of the cylinder (fand slide valve lo, reapectively, are in substantially the positions olf the hlack spot 2G-aud the light spot or circle 25 in the upper orhits ot' Diagram ai. and the ports 13 and f4 oi' the cylinder (3 are in their middle or intermediate position, while the porta lf3 and .17 of the slide valve are at Substantially the lower extremity of .extreme lower position or halt throw .their descending stroke. '.lhese ports assume, during each cycle of the engine, three main important positions, which are represented by or correspond with the extreme upper position, the quarter throw and the Of the eceentrics, and these three main positions of said ports are indicated approximately in these diagrams by the two parallel rows of black dots ranged along the longitudinal centers of the sectioned portions illustrating the cylinder and valve 15, the dots representing the .points where the centers of the ports fall when the eccentries arrive at the corresponding p ositions in their throw. By following-the. course ot' the dark and light spots in the upper orbits of Diagrams A, B, C, and D with respect to these port centers in the various diagrams the action of the port-controlling elements may be readily discerned. Adverting again to the position of the parts in Fig 4, -it will be seen that the intake port 1-1 ot' the cylinder 6 is in direct'register with the intake ports 11 and 18 of the easing and head, respectively, is about to register with the intake ports 1G of the Valve 15. At this instant the valve port 1G is rapidly descending while the cylinder port li'is starting to rise, but. moving very slowly, and consequently before the piston has traveled a material portion of its downward stroke the ports 11 and 1G will be in. full register with one another and with the ports 11. and 1S, allowing the tree ingress into thel working cylinder. The exhaust port 12 of the easing at the time when the suction stroke. eomn'iences is closed, however, by the slide valve 15, which descends rapidly and brings the port 17 below or into a. lapped position ywiththe wall of the casing. thereby'preventing the chrge from becoming diluted with air Aor spent gases sucked into the engine, even thougfh the exhaust. port 13 is open at this time. rl`he piston havingr descended its l'ull stroke, bringing the slide valve down to the limit of its downward stroke and moving the exhaust por( 17 to the extreme bottom renter as indicated in Fig. and raising the exhaust port tto itsI middle position and iirtake ports lat to their middle position or centers directly opposite the ringsl() and lt), respectively, the interior oi the working cylinder 6 is hermetically sealed. During the. next stroke or upward stroke o1 the. piston, which is the compression stroke. these ports 13 and l-l. traverse rings 2O and 1.9 to their extreme upper positions or centers, still maintaining lapped relation to these paekiiigs. During this upward movement o'l the cylinder the outside slide valve rises slowly at. ilrst and then more rapidly to its intermediate position. bringing the port 17 back again to the position indicated in Fig. it, as shown in Fig. t3.

and

their packing,

The ignition now occurs and the explosion stroke commences, theerank being at the top of its throw. As thepiston is impelled outwardly or downwardly by the explosion, the ports 13 and 14 again traverse their rings 20 and 19, respectively, and arrive atjtheir middle or intermediate positions as shown in Fig. 7, when the piston is about to reach the limit of its explosion stroke, when the exhaust port 14 commences to leave its packing Q0, thereby permittingr the exhaust to take place through the exhaust port`17 of the slide valve which by this time has risen,

to its extreme upper position. Tlf-s point of exhausting varies with different engine builders, and of course may be arreinged to suit the ideas of the particular builder by shitting the eccentrics with relation to one another, but for the purposes of this description it may be assumed that, roughly speaking, the ignition occurs at t-he top .of the piston stroke and the exhaust occurs at approximately the bottom. At the time the exhaust commences, it will be seen that the slide Valve 15 will have risen to its extreme upper stroke, completely lapping the intake port 11 and preventing any of the exhaust from entering the intake passages of the engine when the intake port 14 of cylinder 6 descends below its packing 19which occurs quickly after the exhaust stroke commences because, as will be seen, the eccentric of the cylinder G at this time is passing through the rapid portion of its orbit although the eccentric of the val-ve 15 ismoving slowly downward through the upperhalf of its orbit and thereby .avoiding the opening of the intake port 11 through the port`16, the

exhaust. port 17" at thistime, however, being i tally in .register with the easing exhaust port 12 and tarrying in its movement to permit the exhaust port 13 to catch up with it and come into'full register therewith before it is lapped with the wall of thecasinggV which will occur when this exhaust port 17 reaches its intermediate position.- In actual practice.. ot course, the point of exhaust will take place when the. crank is some distance from its lowest position, as indicated in Diagram D, and the eccentric of the slide valve 15 will consequentlyl bea little below its highest position. as indicated insaid diagram, giving the valve -an infinitesimal upward .movement until the summit is reached, but for the purposes `of this description oi the approximate operation of the parts it maybe assumed that the dots along the slide valve and cylinder in these diagrams correspond with lthe highest, v10W*- est and intermediate positions of the eccentrics. From the positions of the parts 'shown in Fig. 7, thai-next half throw of the main crank or inward stroke of the piston toi-cmg the burned gases out thro-ugh the'` exhaust ports, brings the parts baek-agam Iofs der, the wall of the casingI being :tiredl against movement with said cylinder and the outer face of the cylinder being disposed immediately adjacent thereto and guided thereby` a slide valve movable longitudinally of said cylinder and coperating with the casing to control communication with the cylinder through said exhaust port, a piston reciprocating in said cylinder with relation thereto, meansconnecting the piston with said cylinder and slide Valve Whereby the said intake port is uncovered during an ontward'piston stroke and is closed and maintainedclosed during the next three piston strokes, and the said 'exhaust port is opened at approximately the conclusion of the third one of the aforesaid piston strokes and is closed at the conclusion of the fourth one of said strokes. A

2. ln an explosion engine the combination of a cylinder casing, a head projecting into said casing, a reciprocating cylinder tele scoped with said head and cooperating therewith to control communication With the cylinder, a slide valve movable longitudinally of the cylinder and disposed with its inner face directly adjacentthe outer face of the cylinder and cooperating on its outer` face with the easing for controlling communication with said cylinder, a piston reciprocating in the cylinder with relation thereto. and means connecting the cylinder and slide valve with the piston for reciprocating them with relation to one another 'with relation thereto, a crank ehai't connected with the piston, and' means connecting the crank shaft with the said cylinder ,4 and slide valve for reciprocating them rel-- atively to one another fand to the said cylinder and piston.

l. ln an explosion enginethe combinatlon of a cylinder casing, a head therein, a reciprocating cylinder telescoped on said head and cooperating therewith to control com@ innnication with the cylinder at one period, a slide valve coperating with the casing for controlling connnnnication with the cylinder at another period, the wall of the casing being exposed to direct contact by said cylinder and fixed against longitudinal movement therewith on one side, a piston reciprocating in the cylinder relatively thereto, ak

crank shaft operated by the piston, and means connecting the cylinder. and slide valve with the piston for .moving them relative to one another and to the head and piston.

5. ln an explosion engine the combination. of a lcylinder casing, a head therein fixed against axial. movement, a reciprocating cylinder telescoped on said head and coperating with the casing for controlling communication with the cylinder at one period, a slide valve arranged between said casing and cylinder for controlling communication with the cylinder at another period, the wall of said casing being exposed to direct contact by said cylinder and fixed against longitudinal movement therewitina piston reciprocating in said cylinder relatively thereto, a crank shaft operated by the piston, and means connecting said cylinder and slide valve with the piston for moving themrelatively to one another and to the head and piston.

G. In an explosion engine the combination of a cylinder casi-ng havingl a head iixed with relation thereto and projecting thereinto, a reciprocating cylinder having a port and telescoped on said head and coperating therewith to control communication with the interior of eaid cylinder at one period, an arc-shaped element constituting slide valve interposed between said casing and cylinder and coperating with the casing for closing said port and thereby controlling communication with' said cylinder at another' period, a piston reciprocating in said cylinder relatively thereto, and meansconnecting the piston with said cylinder and slide `valve for moving them relatively to the head and casing and to vone another.

7. In an Iexplosion engine the combination of a cylinder casing having a. port, a head projecting into said' casing and tired with rclation thereto, a reciprocating cylinder tele Ascoped with said head andeoperating therewith to close communication With the inte- EEE:

liti@ rocating in said cylinder relatively thereto,

port, a head projecting into said casing and fixed with relation thereto, a reclprocating cylinder telescoped on said head and coperating therewith to control communication with thc interior of the cylinder, a slide v alve disposed adjacent the wall of said cylinder and cooperating with `saidcasing for controlling;l the port therein, the side wall of said casing contiguous to said cylinder being fixed against movement therewith to provide a fixed guide therefor, a piston reciprocating-in said c "linder relativelyr thereto, means for firinga charge in said cylinder between and against the said head and piston, and means operatively connect-ing said cylinder and vslide valve with the piston for moving them relatively to one another and to the easing and head.

9. In an explosion engine the combination of a fixed cylinder casing having internally spaced guide-ways parallel` with its axis, a reciprocating cylinder inclosed by said casing and ha ving a port, a slide valve, interposed between said.' guide-ways and between the outer face of the cylinder and inner face of said casing and cooperating with thc casing to control communication with said cylinder through said port, a head fixed Aagainst axial movement with said cylinder and telescoped therewith for controlling communication with t-he cylinder, a piston reciprocating in said cylinder relatively thereto, and means connecting said cylinder' and slide valve with the piston for reciprocatingl them relatively to one another and to the piston.

l0. In an explosion engine thecombination of a fixed cylinder easing having internally spaced guideways parallel with its axis, a reciprocating cylinder'. inclosed by said casing, a slide valve, interposed between said guideways and between the outer face of the cylinder and inner face of the casing and cooperating with the casing to control communication with the cylinder, a head fixed against axial movement with said cylinder and telescopcd therewith also for controlling communication with the cylinder, a piston reciprocating in said cylinder relatively thereto, and mea'ns connecting said cylinder and valve with the piston for reciprocating them relatively to -one .another and to the piston.

11. In an explosion engine the combina;

tion of a fixed. cylinder casing having inl ternally spaced guideways parallel with its axis, a reciprocating cylinder linclosed in said casing, a slide valve interposed tre-- 12. In an explosion engine the combina-v tion of a cylinder casing having its bore formed on different radii throughout different portions of its circumference in the same plane transverse to its axis, a reciprocating cylinder guided in said casing by the smaller portion of itscircumference, a slide valve interposed between said cylinder and casing at the larger portion of the casing circumference and coperating with the casing to control communication with the cylinder, a head closing one end of said cylinder and cooperating therewith to control comniunication with the cylinder, a piston closing the other end of the cylinder and reciprocating therein with relation thereto, and'means `connecting the cylinder and. slide valve with the piston .for reciprocating them relatively to one another and to the piston.

18. In an explosion engine the combination of a cylinder casing having its bore formed on different. radii throughout differcnt portions of its circumference in the same transverse plane, a reciprocating cylinder guided in said casing by the smaller portions of its circumference, an arc-shaped slide valve interposed between the said cyl-v less in number than the number of strokes` of the piston belonging to the same cycle.

14. In an explosion engine the combination of a cylinder casing havingits bore formed on different radii throughout different portionsn of it-s circumference in "the same transverse plane, a reciproca-ting cylinder guided. in said'casingbffthe smaller portion of its `circumference,`aslide valve interposed between said cylinder and cas- .ing at the larger portion of the casing circumference and' vcooperating on its outer f face directly with the inner'face of the cas- Athe cylinder to control eonnnunieation thereiwith7 a piston reciprocating in the cylinder and opposed to said head and movable relatively thereto. and means eonneetiug the vlinder and slide valve with the piston for reeiproeatingg them relatively to one another and to the piston,` said slide valve heine' in the torni ot' an are in eross sent-ion and the smaller portion of the circumferenee of said easing heing;n termed by an areshaped separate tilling fitted in said easing and heine" o't the same radius as said slide valve and tixed against longitudinal movement thm'mvith.

l5. ln an explosion engine the eornliination ot a fixed vlinder 'asinjJ` au areshaped filling fitted against one side oi the xvall olI sairlrasing and held troni longitudinal movement therein, an are-shaped slide' valve tilted hetu'een the edges ot the are-shaped filling, against the opposite side oli the Walll of the easing` a ref.'iprm'atin;r evlflnder fitted hetween said tillin;v and slide valve and holding tlleni againsty lateral displaeenlent. a head tiXed to said ('.vll iuder easing' and teleseoped with said ret-iproeatiue evlinder t'or eontrollingr eonununiration with the interior ot' the e vliuder, said v vlinder having a port` means .for reriproeatin;y said slide valve and ovliluler with relation to one another l'oreontrolliutll the said port'. and a piston reviproratlng in said evtl-nder with' relation thereto and to said slide valve.

14'. ln an explosion engine the eomhination ot a #vlinder easing' provided internati); 'with a lived evlinder guide, a reeiproeatine e \lin ler arranged within said easineaiutguide h v said `:ruido` a piston reeiproeatinf;r in said elvlinder with relation thereto, a crank shaft, a piston rod Connecting the piston with the crank shaft, the said cylinder guide being situated at the side of the easing to receive the lateral thrust of the piston and Cylinder due to the angularity of the pietonr rod during;r the eX- plosion stroke, a. head -teleseopeil with `said eyliniler, a. slide valve operatively related to the easing, and means eonneeting the piston with said vlinder and slide valve for reeiproeating them relatively to one another and to the piston, whereby they eooperate. respeetivel)v with the head and easing for eontrolling eommnniezttion with the vl i nder.

1T. ln an explosion engine` the eomhination ot a cylinder easin r provided with an inner eoneentrie groove about the hase thereof` a eylintlrieal slit shell provided with a ridge to tit the groove and positioned therein. the shell tittinxgr Within the ovlinfler. a elvlindrir'al are-shaped slide fittingr in the slit portion ot' the shell fhetu'een the shoulders termed hy said slit and formed with port openings. a evliiulrieal shell fittingr inside ot' said sl-iti shell and slide having port, openings. positively operated adjustahl'eeeeentrie means to reeiproeate the said i-nner shell and the slide with respeet to eaf'h other and the e vlinder easing, said r \*linder easinle's having port: openingsI whifh regis# ter with the openings inthe ovlmlriral shell and in the slide at eertain times to rontrol eonnnunieation with the e \'linder, and a piston reeiproealile in the'e'vlimler within the said movable evliiulrieal shell.

the shell eor'iperatinfr with the piston to relieve the slidew'alve tronl strain or pressure dne to the lateral thrust ot the piston duringr the workin); stroke.

CHARLES Y.' KNIGHT'. ll'ituesses: i

(. ll. Senn,

Frasi( ,l. llaows. A 

